Day and Night Science – Why Do Day and Night Occur?

Day and Night Science – Understanding day and night is a fundamental part of learning how our planet works. This lesson explains why day and night happen, how the Earth moves, and what we see in the sky during both periods. The concept is based on simple scientific facts about Earth’s rotation. For more verified scientific details, you can refer to the Earth’s Rotation article on Wikipedia.

Day and Night Science

Objective

Pupils will understand why day and night happen, how the Earth moves, and what changes we see in the sky during day and night.
.الهدف: سيفهم التلاميذ لماذا يحدث النهار والليل، كيف تتحرك الأرض، وما التغيرات التي نراها في السماء خلال النهار والليل

The Earth and its rotation

The Earth is a big round planet that spins slowly like a top. This spinning is called rotation. As the Earth turns, different parts of it face the Sun. The side of Earth that faces the Sun has daylight; the side that faces away from the Sun has night.

Arabic explanation:
الأرض كوكب ضخم ومستدير يدور ببطء كالدَوّارة. هذه الحركة تُسمّى الدوران. أثناء دوران الأرض، أجزاء مختلفة منها تواجه الشمس. الجانب الذي يواجه الشمس يكون فيه ضوء النهار؛ والجانب الذي يبعد عنها يكون فيه الليل

Note: One full turn (rotation) takes about 24 hours — that is one day.
.ملاحظة: دورة كاملة (دوران) تستغرق حوالي ٢٤ ساعة — أي يوم واحد

What we see in the daytime

During the day the Sun lights the sky. We can see colors clearly, birds fly, and people do many activities outside. The Sun gives us light and heat, so daytime is usually warmer than night. Shadows from objects point away from the Sun.

Arabic explanation:
خلال النهار تضيء الشمس السماء. نرى الألوان بوضوح، تطير الطيور، ويؤدي الناس أنشطة كثيرة في الخارج. الشمس تعطينا ضوءًا وحرارة، لذلك يكون النهارعادة أدفأ من الليل. الظلال التي تُلقيها الأشياء تتجه بعيدًا عن مكان الشمس

What We See in the Nighttime

When our part of Earth turns away from the Sun, the sky becomes dark and we see the Moon and stars (if the sky is clear). At night many animals sleep and people rest. The Moon does not make its own light — it reflects sunlight.

Arabic explanation:
عندما يدور جزءنا من الأرض بعيداً عن الشمس، تصبح السماء مظلمة ونرى القمر والنجوم (إذا كان الجو صافيا). في الليل ينام الكثير من الحيوانات ويستريح الناس. القمر لا يصدر ضوءًا بنفسه — بل يعكس ضوء الشمس

Day and Night Around the World

Because the Earth is round, it is daytime in some countries while it is night in others. When it is morning for one place, it might be evening or night in another place far away. That is why people in different countries have different time zones.

Arabic explanation:
وبما أن الأرض مستديرة، يكون النهار في دول بينما يكون الليل في دول أخرى. عندما يكون الصباح في مكان، قد يكون المساء أو الليل في مكان آخر بعيد. لذلك لدى الناس في دول مختلفة مناطق زمنية مختلفة

Day and Night Science — Exercises

1. Fill in the blanks: Understanding Day and Night:

• The Earth __________ around itself. (rotates / stays)
• True or False: The Moon makes its own light.
• Explain in one sentence why we have day and night.
• Draw two small pictures: one of the sky at day and one at night.
• Short answer: If it is daytime in Cairo, could it be night in New York? (Yes / No)

2. Choose the correct answer:

1. The Earth spins around its _____
   a) Moon
   b) Sun
   c) Axis
2. It takes the Earth ____ hours to make one full rotation.
   a) 12
   b) 24
   c) 48
3. When your place on Earth faces the Sun, it is _____.
   a) Night
   b) Day
   c) Evening
4. The side that faces away from the Sun has _____.
   a) Light
   b) Shadow
   c) Darkness
5. When it’s night in Egypt, it might be _____ in Japan.
   a) Morning
   b) Night
   c) Midnight

Answers:

1. c) Axis
2. b) 24
3. b) Day
4. c) Darkness
5. a) Morning

3. True or False: Facts about Day and Night:

1. The Moon gives its own light. (____)
2. The Earth is flat and does not move. (____)
3. Daytime is usually warmer than night. (____)
4. The Earth spins around itself. (____)
5. It takes 10 hours for one rotation. (____)

Answers:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False

4. Fill in the blanks:

1. The Earth spins around its __________.
2. When the Sun shines on your part of the Earth, it is __________.
3. When your part of the Earth is dark, it is __________.
4. One full rotation takes __________ hours.
5. The Sun gives us __________ and __________.

Answers:

1. Axis
2. Day
3. Night
4. 24
5. Light & heat

5. Short answer:

1. Why do we have day and night?
   → Because the Earth spins and different parts face the Sun.
2. What can we see in the sky at night?
   → The Moon and stars.
3. What happens when our side of Earth faces the Sun during Day?
   → It becomes day.
4. What happens when our side turns away?
   → It becomes night.
5. How long does it take the Earth to make one rotation?
   → 24 hours.

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