Let’s do the Fractions Math

Let’s do the Fractions Math is a fun way for students to understand how fractions represent parts of a whole. Fractions are essential in everyday life, from sharing food to measuring ingredients. Learning fractions helps build a strong foundation in mathematics. For more detailed information about fractions, you can visit Wikipedia – Fraction.

What is a Fraction?

Let’s do the Fractions Math

Fractions (الكسور)

A fraction shows a part of a whole. It tells us how many equal parts something is divided into and how many parts we have.
الكسر هو جزء من الكل، وبيوضح عدد الأجزاء المتساوية اللي اتقسم لها الشيء وعدد الأجزاء اللي عندنا فعلاً

Example:
If you cut a pizza into 8 equal slices and eat 3, you have eaten 3/8 of the pizza.
لو قسمنا بيتزا ٨ قطع متساوية وأكلنا ٣، يبقى أكلنا ٣ على ٨ من البيتزا

Parts of a Fraction

Every fraction has two numbers:

• Numerator (البسط) → top number → the number of parts we have.
• Denominator (المقام) → bottom number → the total number of equal parts.

Example: 2/5 → 2 (numerator), 5 (denominator)

Types of Fractions

1. Proper Fractions (كسر حقيقي) → numerator < denominator → 3/4, 5/8
2. Improper Fractions (كسر غير حقيقي) → numerator ≥ denominator → 7/4, 9/6
3. Mixed Numbers (عدد كسري) → a whole number and a fraction together → 1 ½, 2 ¾
4. Equivalent Fractions (كسور متكافئة) → fractions that represent the same value → 1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6

How to Simplify Fractions

To simplify, divide both the numerator and denominator by the same number.

Example:
6/9 → divide by 3 → 2/3
بنقسم البسط والمقام على نفس الرقم.

Adding and Subtracting Fractions

Adding Fractions (جمع الكسور)

• If the denominators are the same → just add the numerators.
  Example: 3/8 + 2/8 = 5/8
• If the denominators are different → find a common denominator.
  Example: 1/2 + 1/3 → LCM(2,3)=6 → 3/6 + 2/6 = 5/6

Subtracting Fractions (طرح الكسور)

• Denominators must match.
  Example: 3/4 − 1/4 = 2/4 = 1/2

Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

Multiplying Fractions (ضرب الكسور)

• Multiply numerator × numerator and denominator × denominator.
  Example: 2/3 × 3/4 = 6/12 = 1/2

Dividing Fractions (قسمة الكسور)

• Flip the second fraction and multiply.
  Example: 3/5 ÷ 2/7 = 3/5 × 7/2 = 21/10 = 2 1/10

Real-Life Example

A cake is divided into 8 equal slices. You eat 3, your friend eats 2.
How much is left?
8 − (3 + 2) = 3 slices → 3/8 of the cake left
كعكة مقسومة إلى ٨ قطع. أكلت ٣ وصديقك أكل ٢، المتبقي ٣ على ٨

Practice Exercises

A. Fill in the blanks

1. In 5/9, the numerator is _____.
2. In 7/10, the denominator is _____.
3. 4/8 simplified is _____.
4. 2/3 + 1/3 = _____.
5. 3/5 − 1/5 = _____.

B. Choose the correct answer

1. 1/2 = ?
   a) 2/3
   b) 2/4 ✅
   c) 3/8
2. 3/4 + 1/4 = ?
   a) 4/8
   b) 4/4
   c) 2/4 ✅
3. 6/9 simplified = ?
   a) 2/3 ✅
   b) 3/6
   c) 4/5

C. Challenge Problems

1. You have 3/5 of a chocolate bar and your friend gives you 1/5 more.
   Answer: 3/5 + 1/5 = 4/5
2. You drank 2/8 of your juice and your brother drank 3/8.
   Answer: 2/8 + 3/8 = 5/8

Addition (الجمع)

Definition

Addition means putting two or more numbers together to get a total. The numbers we add are called addends, and the result is called the sum.

Symbols: + → plus / add

Examples:

1. 4 + 3 = 7
2. 10 + 5 = 15
3. 7 + 8 + 2 = 17

Tips:

• Start from the rightmost digit when adding bigger numbers.
• Carry over if the sum is bigger than 9.

Exercises:

1. 5 + 9 = ?
2. 12 + 7 = ?
3. 8 + 15 = ?
4. 23 + 19 = ?

Challenge: 34 + 28 + 17 = ?

Subtraction (الطرح)

Definition

Subtraction means taking away one number from another. The first number is called the minuend, the number you take away is the subtrahend, and the answer is the difference.

Symbols: − → minus / subtract

Examples:

1. 9 − 4 = 5
2. 15 − 7 = 8
3. 20 − 5 − 3 = 12

Tips:

• If the top number is smaller than the bottom, borrow from the next column.

Exercises:

1. 14 − 5 = ?
2. 20 − 9 = ?
3. 32 − 17 = ?
4. 50 − 28 = ?

Challenge: 75 − 38 − 12 = ?

Multiplication (الضرب ×)

Definition

Multiplication means adding the same number many times. The numbers you multiply are called factors, and the result is called the product.

Symbols: × → times / multiply

Examples:

1. 3 × 4 = 12 → 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
2. 5 × 6 = 30 → 5 added 6 times = 30

Tips:

• Use a multiplication table for faster calculation.
• Multiply digit by digit for bigger numbers.

Exercises:

1. 2 × 7 = ?
2. 4 × 5 = ?
3. 3 × 8 = ?
4. 6 × 6 = ?

Challenge:
12 × 11 = ?
15 × 4 = ?

Lesson 5: Division (القسمة ÷)

Definition

Division means splitting a number into equal parts. The number being divided is called the dividend, the number you divide by is the divisor, and the answer is the quotient.

Symbols: ÷ → divide

Examples:

1. 8 ÷ 2 = 4 → 8 apples in 2 groups = 4 apples each
2. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 → 12 ÷ 3 = 4

Tips:

• Division is the opposite of multiplication.
• Check your answer by multiplying the quotient by the divisor.

Exercises:

1. 10 ÷ 2 = ?
2. 15 ÷ 3 = ?
3. 24 ÷ 4 = ?
4. 36 ÷ 6 = ?

Challenge:
48 ÷ 8 = ?
72 ÷ 9 = ?

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